- Direct Manipulation: "instead of employing a command language to instruct the computer, the data being processed is exposed and accessed in a more graphically representational way" -- instantaneous graphic/visual feedback is given for every action
- These concepts informed visual programming, notably video/arcade games
- Examples of direct manipulation systems: Display Editors (non-linear editing systems), VisiCalc (financial forecasing program which enables you to do multiple calculations in one worksheet), Spacial Data Managements, Video Games (Pong),
- Using graphic representation does not always improve efficiency
Saturday, December 13, 2008
33. Direct Manipulation, Shneiderman, 1983
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